(12) In a few NENA languages the fresh https://datingranking.net/cs/sdc-recenze/ new preterite from Classification II verbs possess a great vocalism (m)CoCiC- otherwise (m)CuCiC- which has no predecessor in the earlier dialects. Noldeke (1868, 213) advised that the progressive form was regarding the new Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he took it out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Models that have o or u was missing additional NENA and have in lots of of your NENA languages: Hertevin, Sanandaj Religious, and Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).
(13) All round establish is actually designated from the an effective prefix in every NENA except Hertevin along with Mandaic as well as in Turoyo. Brand new prefix takes one of about three models: (a) k- to your all the verbs (complex so you can c- in the Urmi, lengthened to ko- prior to consonants inside Turoyo, as well as in Zakho to get grams- before a voiced phoneme); (b) k- however, just on the a restricted class of verbs (with some voicing consumption and sometimes other changes too); otherwise (c) i- towards the the verbs.
Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, personal telecommunications); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we carry out say’, but doqIx-wa-ce ‘we manage to see it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he consumes, often eat’, but sate ‘he beverages, have a tendency to, will get drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin we-zare:la ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu we-napli baro ‘they chase her’ (Fox 1992, 55).
The brand new k- prefix appears to be a success of one’s prefix qa- regarding BT, as with the newest ubiquitous qatane ‘he teaches’. e ‘stands’. In some east dialects brand new distribution away from k- has-been restricted to a tiny group of verbs (Garbell 1965, 65). In other people, it’s got vanished and you can started changed by the yet another prefix i-, and this probably began since less form of i[Theta] ‘there is’.
Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I visits the synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla weil kIcca ‘I visited offer money to help you good girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem
(14) The latest verb ‘give’ are yehav into the BT, and you will yav inside Syriac. It’s been remade in every NENA languages from incorporation of your own pursuing the l- ‘to’. The essential, that was hav into the Syriac and you may BT, are hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) in every NENA in which We have recommendations, however when you look at the Turoyo or Mandaic.
(15) In every NENA, the new singular imperative off qyama ‘get up’ has shed the final m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Religious qu (Panoussi, 110). New plural, yet not, keeps the yards.
(16) In every NENA, brand new vital of (i)zala ‘go’ are abnormal: Aradhin quand (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Christian state (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani lorsque (Garbell 1965, 285).
(17) Around the NENA, various terminology can be used since foot to have reflexive pronouns such as for example ‘myself’. He or she is: ruh- inside Hertevin along with Turoyo, nos- from the around three easternmost Jewish languages, and you will gyan- throughout the kept languages: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.
This qa- was itself an effective contraction out of qa?
(18) Yet another preposition meaning ‘to’ otherwise ‘for’ that takes the form ta, tla, or tla are extensive, although maybe not universal, into the NENA, although not used in Mandaic otherwise Turoyo. ) involved cook’ (Rubba, private correspondence), Zakho cuxa la psIxle darga facts ‘no you to unsealed the doorway to help you him’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 182).