Drawn together, self-report and you may physiological analysis indicate that the fresh new message-preparation activity triggered anxiety and cardio reactivity which had been notably additional out-of standard profile; such variables don’t are different according to gender and attribute resilience
To check on this type of hypotheses, Tugade and Fredrickson (2004) accumulated carried on measures off cardiovascular reacting out of most of the participants (N = 57) during the a sample speed from a lot of Hz. Half dozen indicator out-of aerobic responding have been collected, along with (1) heartbeat (HR), (2) little finger pulse amplitude (FPA), (3) pulse alert moments into the little finger (PTF), (4) heartbeat transmission time for you to the newest ear canal (PTE), (5) diastolic blood pressure levels (DBP), and you will (6) systolic blood pressure levels (SBP). Immediately following a resting standard, stress was experimentally triggered because of the telling players which they would have 60 sec to getiton profile search psychologically prepare a presentation for the a self-associated point. Pursuing the sixty-sec, speech-planning task, there’s good step three-min healing months. Players along with finished thinking-accounts from personal emotional experience, ambient positive and negative temper (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1989), and you will characteristic resilience (Cut off & Kremen, 1996).
Findings indicated that, all over all the players, the fresh new message preparation task brought personal feel off nervousness and grows in cardiovascular reactivity out-of standard (pick Dining table step one ). These transform mirror task-caused, cardio arousal, that has heartbeat speed, improved hypertension, and peripheral vasoconstriction.
Table step one
Mention. Recreated which have consent on APA. Time = heartrate in sounds for every min; FPA = digit pulse amplitude during the mv; PTF = heart circulation sign time for you the fresh finger and you will PTE = pulse signal for you personally to the fresh new ear, for each from inside the msec; DBP = diastolic blood pressure levels and you may SBP = systolic blood pressure levels, for every single when you look at the mmHg. Asterices indicate change somewhat additional setting baseline actions from the contained in this-subject t-screening (df = 55).
Our first prediction was that trait resilience would predict subjective reports of positive emotionality. Results revealed support for this prediction: Trait resilience was positively associated with positive mood as assessed by the PANAS (Watson et al., 1988) (r = .38, p<.01), (but not associated with negative mood). Adding further support to our first prediction, we found that higher trait resilience was associated with more happiness (r = .47, p<.01) and more interest (r = .33, p<.01) during the speech preparation task. To quantify positive emotionality in a single measure, we created a composite index by summing the standardized scores of positive mood and standardized emotion reports of happiness in response to the speech preparation task. 1 As predicted, trait resilience was positively related to the positive emotionality composite index (r = .46, p<.001).
Our second prediction was that psychological resilience would be negatively related with duration of cardiovascular reactivity. We calculated an aggregate index of duration of cardiovascular reactivity (time to return to baseline levels) for each participant by computing the mean duration score across the six cardiovascular indices (for a detailed description of this data-reduction technique, see Fredrickson & Levenson, 1998). As predicted, findings demonstrated that trait resilience was negatively correlated to duration of cardiovascular reactivity (r = ?.26, p<.05), indicating that those with higher trait resilience evidenced faster cardiovascular recovery from negative emotional arousal.
Our final prediction stated that positive emotions would mediate the effect of resilience on duration of cardiovascular reactivity following the speech-preparation task. The statistical analysis framework suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986) was used to test for mediation effects. Findings revealed support for our final prediction: Data indicated that the effect of trait resilience on duration of cardiovascular reactivity was no longer significant when controlling for positive emotionality (Beta = ?.15, t<1, ns) (for full details of the test of mediation, please refer to Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004).